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Incidence:
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Over 700,000 new cases annually
15-35% of sexually active males
35-50% of sexually active females
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Transmission:
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Spread via sexual fluids through oral, anal and vaginal sex, mutual masturbation, mother to child
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Symptoms:
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For men: burning with urination; thick white discharge; scrotal swelling and redness
For women: 60% have no symptoms; burning with urination; irregular bleeding; vaginal discharge; abnormal menstrual bleeding; discomfort in the anal or rectal area. If left untreated, 10-40% of women may develop PID
For both: If it is in the throat, there may either be no symptoms or a simple sore throat.
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Results:
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For men: testicular pain and swelling; prostatitis; risk prostate cancer
Inflammation of epididymis/testes
For women: infertility; tubal pregnancies; pelvic scarring; infections of the cervix, vagina, and urethra; pelvic inflammatory disease (PID):
For both: inflammation in anus/rectum (through anal sex); pharyngitis (through oral sex).
If left untreated, may infect joints causing arthritis; blood infections. Can be fatal if bacteria reaches the heart. In pregnant women, bacteria may spread to eyes of newborn causing a severe eye infection.
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Treatment:
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Can be treated with antibiotics if diagnosed in time. All sex partners of infected person must be treated as well.
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Risk Factors:
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Unprotected sex
Association of sex and alcohol
Multiple sex partners
History of previous STDs
HIV positive
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